Mango production at this time have not been able to meet market demand, especially overseas markets. This inability is not only due to low productivity but also the quality is still lacking. This condition is caused by the application of cultivation technology that is not optimal.
Mango plants grow best at an altitude of 50-300 m above sea level on a thick layer of soil and soil crumb structure and grainy.
Varieties of high value such as 21 or Arumanis Gadung 143. Other varieties are Manalagi 69, Lalijiwo, Chokanan and Marionette 31.
A. PREPARATION OF LAND
Planting hole was made 1-2 months before planting, size 1 mx 1m x 1 m and spacing of 6 mx 8 m. Two weeks prior to the planting, soil excavation put it back in the planting hole with manure mixed in the ratio 1: 1. It would be optimal SUPERNASA flush (0.5 tbsp / + 5 liters of water / tree).B. PLANTING
Planting at the beginning of the rainy season. Before the seeds were planted a plastic bag is removed. + Depth of 15-20 cm above the plant roots and soil around the neck compressed in the direction of crop plants so as not to collapse. Plants were given shelter by his side to the west and then reduced gradually.C. FERTILIZATION
Manure ~ (PK) is given a time at the beginning of the rainy season. How embedded around the canopy width of tree crops or dig a hole in the side of the plant. Mango age 1-5 years were given 30 kg PK, aged 6-15 years were given 60 kg of PK. It would be optimal if added ~ ~ SUPERNASA or if the manure can be used SUPERNASA difficult to dose:- Alternative 1: 0.5 tablespoon / 5 liters of water per plant.
- Alternative 2: 1 bottle of SUPER NASA dilute in 2 liters (2000 ml) of water make the mother liquor. Then every 1 liter of water was given 20 ml of mother liquor was to flush per tree.
~ Giving SUPERNASA can then be given every 3-4 months.
NASA POC ~ Spraying (4-5 ttp / tank) or more optimal POC NASA (3-4 ttp) + HORMONIK (1 ttp) per tank every 1-3 months.
NPK Fertilizer ~ 2 times a year at the beginning (November - December), the end of the rainy season (April-May) following doses:
| Umur (th) | PK (kg) | Dosis Pupuk Makro (KG/Pohon) | ||
| ZA | TSP | KCl | ||
| 1 – 3 | 20 – 30 | 0.5 – 1 | 0.25-0.5 | 0.25-0.5 |
| 4 - 6 | 30 – 40 | 1 – 2 | 0.5 – 1 | 0.5 – 1 |
| 7 – 10 | 50 – 60 | 2 – 3 | 1 – 1.5 | 1 – 1.5 |
| > 10 | 50 – 60 | 3 – 4 | 1.5 – 2 | 1.5 – 2 |
D. PEMANGKASAN
Prune Forms (3 stages):
Phase I: the age of 1 year after planting during the rainy season by cutting the trunk as high as 50-60 cm from the ground and cutting down on the field connection. Branches that grow from three branches that kept him from spreading.
Phase II: pruning performed on all three branches that grow after the age of 2 years, the way he leaves 1-2 sections / dashed. Shoots that grow on each branch maintained 3 shoots. If more discarded. Stages of the investment would be trimming the tree with a branch formula 1-3 - 9.
Phase III: 3 years, the same way as stage II, but kept all the shoots that grow to production.
PRODUCTION TRIM
Pruning is to maintain the plant by cutting the branches of dead / dry branches that grow inward and downward and branch water is a young branch that will not produce fruit. Production cuts implemented immediately after harvest.
Phase I: the age of 1 year after planting during the rainy season by cutting the trunk as high as 50-60 cm from the ground and cutting down on the field connection. Branches that grow from three branches that kept him from spreading.
Phase II: pruning performed on all three branches that grow after the age of 2 years, the way he leaves 1-2 sections / dashed. Shoots that grow on each branch maintained 3 shoots. If more discarded. Stages of the investment would be trimming the tree with a branch formula 1-3 - 9.
Phase III: 3 years, the same way as stage II, but kept all the shoots that grow to production.
PRODUCTION TRIM
Pruning is to maintain the plant by cutting the branches of dead / dry branches that grow inward and downward and branch water is a young branch that will not produce fruit. Production cuts implemented immediately after harvest.
E. MANAGEMENT OF FLOWERS AND FRUIT
Management of flowers and fruit for 4 times, at the time of bud break, bud elongation, mango size (green beans) and marble size (corn). Fertilizers are used:
A. Monokalsium phosphate (MKP) is given before the advent of new shoots or bud break and during bud break or bud elongation (dose of 2.5 g / liter).
2. NASA POC provided during bud break, bud elongation, (4-5 doses of cap / tank).
3. NASA POC (3-4 ttp) + HORMONIK (1 ttp) per tank size is given at the time of mango and marble size.
A. Monokalsium phosphate (MKP) is given before the advent of new shoots or bud break and during bud break or bud elongation (dose of 2.5 g / liter).
2. NASA POC provided during bud break, bud elongation, (4-5 doses of cap / tank).
3. NASA POC (3-4 ttp) + HORMONIK (1 ttp) per tank size is given at the time of mango and marble size.
F. PESTS AND DISEASES
a. Tip Borer, Clumetia transverseThis worm gnawing the young shoots (flush) and flower panicles with drilled / bored into shoots or panicle downward. Leaf or tassel flower buds wither, dry and damaged as a result of nutrient transport stops and then die. Control; branch is cut and burned infected shoots, pendangiran to turn off the pupa, spraying with PESTONA.b. Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis)Pest thrips are often called red stripes on the first abdominal segment there is a red line. This pest attacks the young leaves but also flowers with piercing and sucking fluids from the epidermis of leaves and fruit. Place a puncture can be a source of disease. Looks like burning leaves, brown and menggelinting. If interest diketok-word of the hand and placed underneath the base with a white paper will look a lot thrips that fell. Control: developing young shoots cut and burned, caught by yellow traps, regular pruning, spraying with BVR or PESTONAc. Caterpillars Phylotroctis sp.Slightly brown color (different from Clumetia sp. The color green) bored into the base of the candidates often flower panicles. Eggs Phyloctroctis sp. hatch and young adults to attack the fruit stalk (nipple). Young fruit abscission layer in the autumn as the fruit stalk blackish pus. Active at night. Control with PESTONA.d. Seed Borer, Noorda albizonalisThe pest is gnawing a fruit at the end or middle of the dirt and generally leave scars and often cause fruit rupture. This worm gnawing a direct consequence of fruit seeds fruit rot and fall. Unlike the Black Borer is gnawing at the base of the fruit pieces. Gerekan hole can be a source of disease. Control: fruit packaging, collect the fruit attacked and burned, spray with PESTONA.e. Mango leafhoppers (Idiocerus sp.)The attack came as tassel flower bud elongation stadia. Nymphs and adult leafhoppers suck attack simultaneously with the liquid on the flowers, so dry, pollination and fruit formation interrupted and then die. Severe attacks occur when hot humid weather supported. These pests can invite disease emergence and development of sooty (sooty mold) with honey dew issued from the planthopper may cause phytotoxic on buds, leaves and flowers. Control: fumigation, spraying BVR / PESTONA before the flowers bloom / in the afternoon.f. Fruit Flies (Bractocera dorsalis)The fruit is attacked first black dots appear, at about the point of being yellow, rotten fruit and larval development occurred. Agravator is possible that secondary pests (Drosophilla sp.), Fungi and bacteria. Control: fruit packaging, fruit fly trapping.g. Antraknose disease (Colletotrichum sp.)Black spots occur on the flush, leaves, panicles and fruit. The attacks intensified if too moist, many clouds, rain during the flowering time and night time dew that many arise. If the interest affected the entire crop will fail because the rate to fall. Control: pruning, planting should not be too tight, the infected plants were collected and burned.h. Recife disease, Diplodia recifensisThis disease is also called Blendok, the disease vector was a beetle Xyleborus affinis. These beetles make tunnels in the trunk / branches and fungus Diplodia then go into the tunnel. Outside the venue will be out blendok gnawing beetles (sap). Mango diseases such as sooty (mushrooms Meliola mangiferae), scabies / scab (Elsinoe mangiferae), red rust spots (algae Cephaleuros sp.)Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides have not been overcome, chemical pesticides can be used as directed. In order to spray more evenly and not easily lost by rain water add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810 + 5 ml dose (0.5 cap) per tank. Spraying herbicides (for weeds) in order to more effectively and efficiently can be mixed Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1/2 cap) / tank
G. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
Harvesting is done at the age of 97 + days after anthesis, fruit powder, and the hours of 9:00 to 16:00 pm with the remaining pieces of stalk about 0.5 to 1 cm.